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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 2:12 am
Time: 2:12 am
Results for eyewitness testimony
2 results foundAuthor: Sangero, Boaz Title: Safety from False Convictions Summary: This book provides readers with an exploration of ways to reduce the rate of false convictions in the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system should be seen as a Safety-Critical System, specifically a system that deals with matters of life and death, where any error is likely to cause grave harm to both the individual and society. Implementing safety in criminal law is necessary, both morally and economically. Incorporating into the criminal justice system a modern safety theory that is commonly accepted in other areas, such as space, aviation, engineering, and transportation, is an idea that was developed jointly by myself and Dr. Mordechai Halpert and presented mainly in the coauthored article "A Safety Doctrine for the Criminal Justice System." This is the starting point of the book. The book expands the preliminary proposition and engages in the application of the modern safety theory and methods in the criminal justice system. Thus, for example, the book demonstrates how the fundamentally important Identify-Analyze-Control method can and should be implemented in the system, using Nancy Leveson's STAMP's model ("System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes"). This is the first book that proposes a general theory of safety for the criminal justice system. It provides specific safety rules for certain types of criminal evidence and criminal law procedures. Details: Ramat Gan, Israel: The Author, 2016. 256p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 29, 2016 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2816292 Year: 2016 Country: International URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2816292 Shelf Number: 140077 Keywords: Criminal LawEyewitness TestimonyFalse ConvictionsInnocencePlea BargainingWrongful Conviction |
Author: Smalarz, Laura Title: Pre-Feedback Eyewitness Statements: Proposed safeguard against feedback effects on evaluations of eyewitness testimony Summary: Mistaken but highly confident eyewitness testimony has been used to convict innocent people in more than 220 criminal cases in the United States. Research has shown that confirming post-identification feedback (e.g., "Good job, you identified the suspect") commonly given to eyewitnesses might be partially to blame for these wrongful convictions because it inflates eyewitnesses' reports of their confidence and other testimony-relevant eyewitness reports (Steblay, Wells, & Douglass, 2014). Indeed, recent work has shown that confirming feedback given to eyewitnesses at the time of the identification ultimately impairs the abilities of evaluators to discern whether an eyewitness made an accurate or a mistaken identification (Smalarz & Wells, 2014). The present research sought to test a novel safeguard for protecting against and correcting for the effects of confirming feedback on evaluations of eyewitness testimony: the pre-feedback eyewitness statements safeguard. Some eyewitnesses, but not others, were asked a series of testimony-relevant questions about the witnessed event and their identification decision prior to receiving confirming feedback or no feedback. These pre-feedback eyewitness statements were videotaped and were later shown to some evaluators, but not others, as the evaluators made judgments about the accuracy of eyewitnesses' testimonies. The videotaped pre-feedback statements safeguard did not appear to protect against or correct for the effects of feedback on evaluations of eyewitness testimony. Importantly, however, a number of unexpected findings emerged in the current work that have the potential to advance our understanding of how post-identification feedback influences eyewitnesses. Future directions in light of these findings are discussed. Details: Ames, IA: Iowa State University, 2015. 90p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed February 3, 2017 at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5478&context=etd Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5478&context=etd Shelf Number: 145892 Keywords: Eyewitness TestimonyEyewitnessesWrongful Convictions |